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Marco Sanudo (c. 1153 – between 1220 and 1230, most probably 1227) was the creator and first Duke of the Duchy of the Archipelago, after the Fourth Crusade. Maternal nephew of Venetian doge Enrico Dandolo, he was a participant in the Fourth Crusade (1204). He was part of the negotiations when the Republic of Venice bought the island of Crete from Boniface of Montferrat. Between 1205 and 1207, or a little after 1213-1214 according to sources, he gathered a fleet and captured the island of Naxos, laying the foundations of the Duchy of the Archipelago. He built a new capital city on the island, ''Kastro'' (now the main port). During his reign, he blended the Byzantine and occidental organizations. He became Vassal of the Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders around 1210 or 1216. For his lord, he fought against the Empire of Nicaea. But for Venice, he took part to the Cretan expedition of 1211. == Sources == All biographies of Marco Sanudo have been written centuries after the facts they tell. Most of them are Venetian chronicles dating from the 14th and 15th centuries. In the first one, ''Istoria di Romania'', Marino Sanudo Torsello, a member of the Sanudo family only writes about Marco Sanudo: he conquered the islands.〔Guillaume Saint-Guillain, p. 130〕 Doge Andrea Dandolo wrote a history of Venice (called ''Chronica extensa'') around 1350. This text is the first relating the conquest of Ægean islands, and has been the foundation of all posterior accounts:〔Guillaume Saint-Guillain, ''op. cit.'', p. 140-142〕 Sailing separately, Marco Sanudo and those following him conquered the islands of Naxos, Paros, Milos and Santorini, and Marino Dandolo conquered Andros. Also, Andrea and Geremia Ghisi () Tinos, Mykonos, Skyros, Skopelos and Skiathos. A chronicle in Venetian dated of 1360-1362 and attributed to an Enrico Dandolo gives a short biography of Marco Sanudo starting with his struggle in Crete against Enrico Pescatore. But the text is not reliable, most of it is either invented or contradicted by official documents. Also, it's the first text stating that Marco Sanudo and Doge Enrico Dandolo are related.〔Guillaume Saint-Guillain, ''op. cit.'', p. 149-152〕 In 1454, Flavio Biondo published his ''De Origine et gestis Venetorum'' in which he copies Andrea Dandolo's account and introduces the idea of the Venetian Republic giving to its citizens official right to conquer lands in the Orient, as long as they would never be transmitted to a non-Venetian. This rule, asserted in the 15th century is thus extended to the start of the 13th century by Biondo.〔Guillaume Saint-Guillain, p. 160-164.〕 The most commonly used chronicle, because it gives a lot of geographical and chronological details, is the one written by Daniele Barbaro in the 16th century. He combined different other older chronicles to create a coherent story based on both Dandolo's accounts. His version is the one used by all posterior writers and historians, as J. K. Fotheringham in 1915. Guillaume Saint-Guillain, in a 2004 article, suggests another interpretation, based on his recent works on official documents.〔Guillaume Saint-Guillain, p. 127 et 178〕 The ''Histoire nouvelle des anciens Ducs de l'Archipel'', another widely used account was written in the second half of the 17th century by a French Jesuit from Naxos monastery, Father Saulger. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marco I Sanudo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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